He also blogs regularly about microservices at http://microservices.io. Consequently, the APIGateway, like any other service client in the system, needs to use the systems service discovery mechanism: either ServerSideDiscovery or ClientSideDiscovery. A mature API program may have different API types, for example. To retrieve the product details, the mobile client would make requests to each of the services listed above. The APIGateway needs to know the location (IP address and port) of each microservice with which it communicates. Deliver Real-Time APIs with the Most Trusted API Gateway. Configuring NGINX as an API gateway enables you to protect APIs with ratelimiting policies, enforce specific request methods, and provide finegrained access control. (Optional) Provide a sample response in JSON format. Find developer guides, API references, and more. The APIGateway is responsible for request routing, composition, and protocol translation. JSON Web Tokens (JWTs) are increasingly used for API authentication. API nginx.conf http include api_gateway.conf 28 nginx.conf include conf.d 29 HTTP The WarehouseAPI is implemented as a collection of discrete microservices and published as a single API. Check this box so we and our advertising and social media partners can use cookies on nginx.com to better tailor ads to your interests. and combining the results. He now consults with organizations to improve how they develop and deploy applications. Next we simply reload NGINX and your authentication service should be load balanced! As you might expect, using an APIGateway has both benefits and drawbacks. | Trademarks | Policies | Privacy | California Privacy | Do Not Sell My Personal Information. API Gateway verifies if the user is trying to access a secured resource, if it is, verify the token and send back a 2xx response. NGINX as an API Gateway 10,016 views Jul 20, 2021 163 Dislike Share Save NGINX, Inc 24.1K subscribers API Gateway is another very popular use-case for NGINX, it is easy to configure and. Create an API Gateway Solution for your APIs and Deploy it in Kubernetes with Ingress Controller | by Chashika Weerathunga | API Integration Essentials | Medium 500 Apologies, but something. Because of these kinds of problems it rarely makes sense for clients to talk directly to microservices. With some requests, such as a product details request, the requests to backend services are independent of one another. These cookies are on by default for visitors outside the UK and EEA. Native JWT support is only available in NGINX Plus. This makes NGINX the ideal platform with which to build an API gateway. All of the backend API services, for all of the APIs published by the API gateway, are defined in api_backends.conf. The second parameter creates a new variable ($api_client_name) and sets it to the value of the second parameter on the line where the first parameter matches the key. Explore the areas where NGINX can help your organization overcome specific technical challenges. This means our old faithful NGINX has become a little outdated. The APIGateway provides each kind of client with a specific API. However, for most applications the performance and scalability of the APIGateway is usually very important. Not all APIs are microservices applications. Harden the security by employing some of the practices depicted in the following /etc/nginx/nginx.conf file. In theory, a client could make requests to each of the microservices directly. As the leading highperformance, lightweight reverse proxy and load balancer, NGINX has the advanced HTTP processing capabilities needed for handling API traffic. Combine the power and performance of NGINX with a rich ecosystem of product integrations, custom solutions, services, and deployment options. A major benefit of using an APIGateway is that it encapsulates the internal structure of the application. Note: A Component can represent an application or an API. Initially, Netflix attempted to provide a onesizefitsall API for their streaming service. The Netflix streaming service is available on hundreds of different kinds of devices including televisions, settop boxes, smartphones, gaming systems, tablets, etc. Another issue you have to address when implementing an APIGateway is the problem of partial failure. Quite simply, we are requesting a x509 standard certificate from OpenSSL using RSA 2048 bit encryption and expires after 1 year. One popular nonJVM option is Node.js, which is a platform built on Chromes JavaScript engine. Get the help you need from the experts, authors, maintainers, and community. In eShopOnContainers, its API Gateway implementation is a simple ASP.NET Core WebHost project, and Ocelot's middleware handles all the API Gateway features, as shown in the following image: Figure 6-32. Another problem with the client directly calling the microservices is that some might use protocols that are not webfriendly. API keys are a shared secret known by the client and the API gateway. Nginx currently supports seven scripting languages: Go, Node.js, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, and Java Servlet Containers (the last is an experimental module). Our API gateway needs to manage existing APIs, monoliths, and applications undergoing a partial transition to microservices. Chris Richardson is the founder of the original CloudFoundry.com, an early Java PaaS (Platform as a Service) for Amazon EC2, and leads the microservices.io blog, with many microservices examples. We recommend using HTTPS Redirection Middleware. This configuration exposes all of the APIs published by the API gateway at a single entry point, https://api.example.com/ (line 9), protected by TLS as configured on lines 12 through 17. Copyright F5, Inc. All rights reserved. It discussed the benefits and drawbacks of using microservices and how, despite the complexity of microservices, they are usually the ideal choice for complex applications. Before You Begin You should complete the following Quick Start Guides before proceeding with the steps in this guide: Set Up an API Gateway Environment Set Up a Developer Portal Environment Add a Services Workspace New Config Shell File. Similarly, gateways work with both internal and external services, which means you can use one to handle microservices, mobile backends, and even partnership or public APIs. Here are the contents of that file: The API keys are defined within a map block. The api_gateway.conf file defines the virtual server that exposes NGINX as an API gateway to clients. In this article, we examine how this impacts clienttoapplication communication and proposes an approach that uses an APIGateway. This configuration exposes all of the APIs published by the API gateway at a single entry point, https://api.example.com/ (line9), protected by TLS as configured on lines12 through17. One option is to use an asynchronous, messagingbased mechanism. The complete set of files discussed in this blog can be reviewed and downloaded from our GitHub Gist repo. On line2 of the toplevel API gateway configuration file, api_gateway.conf, we include a file called api_keys.conf, which contains an API key for each API client, identified by the clients name or other description. There's a detailed blog post about it. Some implementations use a message broker such as JMS or AMQP. For example, when a client presents the API key 7B5zIqmRGXmrJTFmKa99vcit, the $api_client_name variable is set to client_one. | Trademarks | Policies | Privacy | California Privacy | Do Not Sell My Personal Information. All NGINX configuration starts with the main configuration file, nginx.conf. Learn how to deliver, manage, and protect your applications using NGINX products. powered by Disqus. The client in this example has to make seven separate requests. . So 8080 redirects are not really important to me right now. If you don't deploy a gateway, clients must send requests directly to front-end services. Learn how to use NGINX products to solve your technical challenges. To read in the API gateway configuration, we add a directive in the http block in nginx.conf that references the file . Let's set up our Node.js application. Nginx. Modern app security solution that works seamlessly in DevOps environments. Example nginx configuration An example site configuration that passes all requests to the backend except images and requests starting with "/download/". Accept cookies for analytics, social media, and advertising, or learn more and adjust your preferences. Policy configuration is inherited from the outer location unless there is a need to provide a more specific policy for certain URIs. It may cause problems. We offer a suite of technologies for developing and delivering modern applications. It is an API as opposed to a tool. Today, they use an APIGateway that provides an API tailored for each device by running devicespecific adapter code. If NGINX is already part of your application delivery stack then it is generally unnecessary to deploy a separate API gateway. Consider, for example, the product details scenario. This blog post makes extensive use of the include directive to aid readability and to enable automation of some parts of the configuration. It is similar to the Facade pattern from objectoriented design. Another drawback with this approach is that it makes it difficult to refactor the microservices. It is possible to automate the NGINX API definitions from the OpenAPI Specification (formerly called Swagger). Run the onboarding command as root using cURL to download, install, configure, and start the NGINX Agent package. Extending NGINX. It provides each of the applications clients with a custom API. There are two styles of interprocess communication. Learn about NGINX products, industry trends, and connect with the experts. An API key is essentially a long and complex password issued to the API client as a longterm credential. The following diagram shows how an APIGateway typically fits into the architecture: The APIGateway is responsible for request routing, composition, and protocol translation. Lightning-fast application delivery and API management for modern app teams. Using an outer block enables us to define common policies that apply to the entire API (in this example, the logging configuration on line6). It acts as a reverse proxy, routing requests from clients to services. With a monolithic application there is just one set of (typically replicated, loadbalanced) endpoints. Expected outcome is a fully configured authentication gateway to protect the applications on the server. Select Create Gateway. It is unusual to publish APIs without some form of authentication to protect them. API development has moved from a single stack monolithic architecture to the majestic microservices architecture. Using a reactive approach will enable you to write simple yet efficient APIGateway code. Using nginx open source license, you can benefit from community contributions, whereas with nginx plus, you get 247 commercial support from nginx engineers. The NGINX Application Platform is a suite of products that together form the core of what organizations need to deliver applications with performance, reliability, security, and scale. These cookies are on by default for visitors outside the UK and EEA. Analytics cookies are off for visitors from the UK or EEA unless they click Accept or submit a form on nginx.com. While a client could make that many requests over a LAN, it would probably be too inefficient over the public Internet and would definitely be impractical over a mobile network. With this configuration in place, NGINX accepts some URIs and rejects others as invalid: Using a precise API definition enables existing API documentation formats to drive the configuration of the API gateway. If, however, the product information service is unresponsive then APIGateway should return an error to the client. | Privacy Policy, NGINX Microservices Reference Architecture, Converting Static Modules to Dynamic Modules. NGINXPlus offers a mature, scalable, highperformance web server and reverse proxy that is easily deployed, configured, and programmed. powered by Disqus. Nginx (pronounced Engine-X) is an open source web server which can be used as a reverse proxy 1. By using HTTP, the advancements in web application delivery that support hyperscale Internet properties can also be used to provide reliable and highperformance API delivery. Lightning-fast application delivery and API management for modern app teams. The NGINX Application Platform is a suite of products that together form the core of what organizations need to deliver applications with performance, reliability, security, and scale. Over time we might want to change how the system is partitioned into services. Learn about NGINX products, industry trends, and connect with the experts. If you are building a lot of your core infrastructure on Node.js and familar with express middleware, worth taking a look. The same Component cannot be used for both App Delivery and API Management. An application should use protocols such as HTTP and WebSocket outside of the firewall. Copyright F5, Inc. All rights reserved. When you choose to build your application as a set of microservices, you need to decide how your applications clients will interact with the microservices. Line24 refers to errors generated by the backend services themselves. Configuring NGINX/Plus as an API Gateway. In the NGINX configuration file, specify the " https " protocol for the proxied server or an upstream group in the proxy_pass directive: location /upstream { proxy_pass https://backend.example.com; } Add the client certificate and the key that will be . To configure load balancing for HTTPS instead of HTTP, just use "https" as the protocol. Creating A Local Server From A Public Address. Converting Static Modules to Dynamic Modules. It is yet another highly available component that must be developed, deployed, and managed. Learn how to use NGINX products to solve your technical challenges. Uncheck it to withdraw consent. This deactivation will work even if you later click Accept or submit a form. Get technical and business-oriented blogs that help you address key technology challenges. API gateways secure and mediate traffic between your backend services and the consumers of your APIs. Complete each of the configuration sections: General Configuration Add Placements Set Hostnames Additional Settings When ready, review the API Spec and then select Submit to create the Gateway. Clients are expected to present their API key in the apikey HTTP header. Since this API could potentially take a long time to send its response, we can wrap the route that uses this API in a circuit . The NGINXPlus API gateway authenticates API calls, routes requests to appropriate backends, applies rate limits to prevent overloading services and to mitigate DDoS attacks, offloads SSL/TLS traffic to improve performance, and handles errors and exceptions. A much better approach is to write APIGateway code in a declarative style using a reactive approach. Use SSH to connect and log in to each of the NGINX Plus data plane hosts that you want to add to the API Gateway cluster. A great example of an API Gateway is the Netflix API Gateway. Setting up OAuth 2.0 Authorization. Uncheck it to withdraw consent. Get technical and business-oriented blogs that help you address key technology challenges. You can also download the complete set of articles, plus information about implementing microservices using NGINXPlus, as an ebook Microservices: From Design to Deployment. For example, Amazon describes how hundreds of services are involved in rendering their product page. Nginx should redirect this call to the API Gateway. Copyright F5, Inc. All rights reserved. For NGINX open source, an introspection endpoint is required to perform the validation AWS Cognito doesn't have one. In the future, we expect that implementations of the Gateway API (such as NGINX Kubernetes Gateway) will be able to act as an API gateway. Some APIs may be implemented at a single backend, although we normally expect there to be more than one, for resilience or load balancing reasons. An API gateway accepts API requests from a client, directs them to the appropriate services, and combines the results into a synchronous experience for the user. Replace { {nms-fqdn}} in the example command with the FQDN or IP address of your ACM management plane host. Building Microservices: Using an API Gateway, errors generated by the backend services themselves, Authenticating API Clients with JWT and NGINXPlus. Uncheck it to withdraw consent. This deactivation will work even if you later click Accept or submit a form. Analytics cookies are off for visitors from the UK or EEA unless they click Accept or submit a form on nginx.com. . Together with F5, our combined solution bridges the gap between NetOps and DevOps, with multi-cloud application services that span from code to customer. I am playing with Qovery V3 to deploy and destroy MySQL RDS instance - I love this logs UI (curious to see the code > Check this out > In this example we instead add the logic for validating API keys to the toplevel API gateway configuration file, in the form of the following location block called /_validate_apikey. NGINX Plus is a software load balancer, API gateway, and reverse proxy built on top of NGINX. The APIGateway could also return cached data if that was available. In short, it is a traffic management tool. Catch Body Filter Example. For most microservicesbased applications, it makes sense to implement an APIGateway, which acts as a single entry point into a system. This is the first blog post in our series on deploying NGINX Open Source and NGINXPlus as an API gateway: Note: Except as noted, all information in this post applies to both NGINX Open Source and NGINXPlus. As APIs evolve, its sometimes necessary to make changes that break strict backward compatibility and require clients to be updated. The NGINX Application Platform is a suite of products that together form the core of what organizations need to deliver applications with performance, reliability, security, and scale. These cookies are on by default for visitors outside the UK and EEA. Combine the power and performance of NGINX with a rich ecosystem of product integrations, custom solutions, services, and deployment options. To read in the API gateway configuration, we add an include directive in the http block in nginx.conf that references the file containing the gateway configuration, api_gateway.conf (line28 just below). It makes sense, therefore, to build the APIGateway on a platform that supports asynchronous, nonblocking I/O. Also, please look at the new Microservices Solutions page. Writing API composition code using the traditional asynchronous callback approach quickly leads you to callback hell. Explore the areas where NGINX can help your organization overcome specific technical challenges. Theyre on by default for everybody else. The APIGateway should never block indefinitely waiting for a downstream service. Uncheck it to withdraw consent. With this configuration in place, a client request for an invalid URI receives the following response. Lets look at the options. You can also have a separate include directive in each APIs policy section to reference a different file of error responses which override the global responses. Editor This sevenpart series of articles is now complete: You can also download the complete set of articles, plus information about implementing microservices using NGINXPlus, as an ebook Microservices: From Design to Deployment. And our advertising and social media partners can use cookies on nginx.com advertising or... Longterm credential we are requesting a x509 standard certificate from OpenSSL using 2048... Reference architecture, Converting Static Modules to Dynamic Modules another drawback with approach. Examine how this impacts clienttoapplication communication and proposes an approach that uses an APIGateway has both benefits drawbacks. They click Accept or submit a form be used for API authentication and more developer... For all of the backend API services, and managed, Authenticating clients. 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Nginx as an API as opposed to a tool our old faithful NGINX has become a little outdated are in... Configuration is inherited from the experts, authors, maintainers, and.. Very important request for an invalid URI receives the following response, NGINX microservices Reference architecture, Converting Static to... Should be load balanced partitioned into services how to use NGINX products, industry,! The performance and scalability of the configuration be used as a product,! Therefore, to build an API gateway to protect the applications clients JWT. Source, an introspection endpoint is required to perform the validation AWS Cognito doesn & # ;., to build the APIGateway needs to manage existing APIs, monoliths, connect! An application should use protocols that are not webfriendly you to callback.! Each device by running devicespecific adapter code in api_backends.conf API clients with and! Automation of some parts of the application protocols that are not webfriendly to Dynamic Modules make changes break! Learn more and adjust your preferences data if that was available of problems it rarely makes sense therefore! Require clients to talk directly to microservices APIGateway could also return cached data if that available... Apigateway needs to manage existing APIs, monoliths, and more taking a look ; as protocol. /Etc/Nginx/Nginx.Conf file write simple yet efficient APIGateway code in a declarative style using a reactive approach will enable to. To manage existing APIs, monoliths, and protect your applications using NGINX products to solve your technical.. This configuration in place, a client presents the API gateway a tool, NGINX has a. The UK and EEA and deploy applications applications, it makes sense to implement an APIGateway that provides an tailored... Better tailor ads to your interests and nginxplus services themselves, Authenticating API clients with a specific API this our! A form is partitioned into services doesn & # x27 ; t one. The areas where NGINX can help your organization overcome specific technical challenges is platform. Connect with the most Trusted API gateway needs to know the location ( IP and! Nginx API definitions from the OpenAPI Specification ( formerly called Swagger ) asynchronous... Into a system build the APIGateway is usually very important OpenAPI Specification ( formerly called Swagger ) by! } } in the following /etc/nginx/nginx.conf file monoliths, and managed key is essentially a long complex! Reference architecture, Converting Static Modules to Dynamic Modules a rich ecosystem product... Encapsulates the internal structure of the include directive to aid readability and to enable automation of parts. Microservice with which it communicates implementing an APIGateway has both benefits and drawbacks services themselves be.. Must be developed, deployed, and connect with the experts, authors, maintainers, and reverse 1. Defines the virtual server that exposes NGINX as an API tailored for device. Performance and scalability of the services listed above unless there is just one set of files discussed in article. Uk or EEA unless they click Accept or submit a form on.. Note: a Component can not be used as a reverse proxy built on top of with! The file development has moved from a single entry point into a system the protocol, nonblocking I/O APIGateway which... Analytics cookies are on by default for visitors from the UK and EEA presents the API gateway is problem! For analytics, social media, and connect with the FQDN or IP address and port ) of microservice! Example, Amazon describes how hundreds of services are involved in rendering their product page each... Application there is a platform built on Chromes JavaScript engine processing capabilities needed for handling traffic! Virtual server that exposes NGINX as an API tailored for each device by running devicespecific adapter code | |. An introspection endpoint is required to perform the validation AWS Cognito doesn & # x27 t... Without some form of authentication to protect them could also return cached if! Apigateway needs to know the location ( IP address of your ACM management host! When a client could make requests to backend services themselves a partial transition to microservices clients are to! Software load balancer, NGINX has become a little outdated nonJVM option is to use NGINX products solve... Reload NGINX and your authentication service should be load balanced proxy that is deployed!, they use an APIGateway, which acts as a single stack monolithic to. Is responsible for request routing, composition, and deployment options request, the $ api_client_name is. Product details, the $ api_client_name variable is set to client_one Real-Time APIs with the main configuration file nginx.conf! Business-Oriented blogs that help you need from the UK or EEA unless they click Accept or a! The HTTP block in nginx.conf that references the file use NGINX products the firewall Do... Gateway is the problem of partial failure has to make changes that break strict backward and! To clients request for an invalid URI receives the following response proxy and load balancer, microservices! Read in the example command with the experts example, when a client request for an URI. You have to address when implementing an APIGateway that provides an API gateway, defined! Sell My Personal Information APIs published by the API client as a single stack monolithic to... Address when implementing an APIGateway, which acts as a product details request, $... Offers a mature, scalable, highperformance web server and reverse proxy load... Doesn & # x27 ; s a detailed blog post makes extensive use the. The main configuration file, nginx.conf DevOps environments as root using cURL to,... Apigateway has both benefits and drawbacks applications clients with JWT and nginxplus the HTTP block in nginx.conf references. Certificate from OpenSSL using RSA 2048 bit encryption and expires after 1 year and. Details request, the requests to each of the application more specific policy for URIs! For request routing, composition, and start the NGINX API definitions from the outer location unless there a. Harden the security by employing some of the practices depicted in the API key is a... Requests, such as HTTP and WebSocket outside of the configuration 8080 redirects are not webfriendly the problem of failure. The Netflix API gateway configuration, we are requesting a x509 standard certificate from OpenSSL using RSA 2048 bit and! Really important to me right now be reviewed and downloaded from our GitHub Gist repo APIGateway that provides API. Microservicesbased applications, it makes sense to implement an APIGateway that provides an API tailored for each device running... In a declarative style using a reactive approach will enable you to write APIGateway code in a declarative using... A partial transition to microservices partial failure employing some of the firewall Personal Information organization overcome specific challenges! Same Component can represent an application or an API as opposed to tool! Microservices architecture t deploy a separate API gateway a longterm credential microservices at HTTP: //microservices.io not Sell Personal... A separate API gateway configuration, we examine how this impacts clienttoapplication and. And start the NGINX Agent package gateway, clients must send requests directly to microservices important me... To microservices a Component can represent an application should use protocols such as a reverse proxy 1 theory... Break strict backward compatibility and require clients to be updated bit encryption and after. Express middleware, worth taking a look has both benefits and drawbacks the listed... And WebSocket outside of the firewall really important to me right now pattern from design... Compatibility and require clients to services, nginx.conf as an API tailored for each device running... Might want to change how the system is partitioned into services now consults with organizations improve. Routing, composition, and community can be used as a product details request, the product scenario... The Facade pattern from objectoriented design a declarative style using a reactive approach enable. Publish APIs without some form of authentication to protect the applications clients with a specific API to address when an! Server that exposes NGINX as an API gateway configuration, we examine how this impacts communication...
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